Fig. 4

Expression levels of phosphorylation-related genes and proteins in the IGF-I pathway in the tbx5 morphants and IGF-I-treated tbx5 morphants. The mRNA expression levels of erk1 (a) and akt2 (b) were reduced significantly in the MO group and restored in the MOIGF1 group. Expression of the ERK1 and AKT2 proteins was significantly reduced in the MO group at 48 hpf but was restored in the MOIGF1 group (c). Data are presented as the means ± standard deviations. ^*P < 0.05 vs. WT; ^#P < 0.05 MOIGF1 vs. MO. WT: wild-type embryos; MO: tbx5 morphants; MIS: mismatch tbx5 morpholino-treated wild-type embryos; WTIGF1: IGF-I-treated wild-type embryos; MOIGF1: IGF-I-treated tbx5 morphants; hpf: hours post-fertilization. The number of specimens was 50, and the number of independent experiments was 3 in each group